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Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that causes breathing difficulties. When exposed to triggers, the airway linings swell, excess mucus is produced, and the surrounding muscles tighten, making breathing difficult.

Chest and lung infections (often called lower respiratory tract infections) occur when viruses, bacteria, or fungi invade your airways or lung tissue. The most common types are bronchitis and pneumonia.

COPD is a progressive lung condition that makes it hard to breathe. It is an umbrella term for long-term respiratory diseases, primarily emphysema (damage to the air sacs) and chronic bronchitis (inflamed, mucus-filled airways).

Lung conditions are broadly classified by how they affect breathing and the respiratory system. They can damage the airways, the tiny air sacs (alveoli) responsible for gas exchange, or the surrounding lung tissue and blood vessels.